Antidiabetic activity of Helicteres angustifolia root

Context The root of Helicteres angustifolia L. (Sterculiaceae) has been used as folk herbal drug to treat cancer, bacterial infections, inflammatory, and flu in China. However, there is no report on its antidiabetic activity.

Objective This study evaluates the antidiabetic activity of ethanol extract from H. angustifolia root.

Materials and methods The promoting effect of H. angustifolia root ethanol extract (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) on glucose uptake was evaluated using HepG2 cell, differentiated C2C12 myotubes, and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The antidiabetic activity of the extract was assessed in vivo using STZ-induced diabetic rats by orally administration of the extract (200 and 400?mg/kg b.w.) once per day for 28 d. Blood glucose, TG, TC, TP, HDL-C, UA, BUN, AST, ALT, insulin, and HOMA-IR were analyzed.

Results The results showed that the extract increased glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes with an IC₅₀ value of 79.95 and 135.96 μg/mL, respectively. And about 12%, 19%, and 10% (p < 0.05) in HepG2 cells when compared with the control at the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL, respectively. After 28 days’ treatment with the extract, significant reduction was observed in blood glucose, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, UA, BUN, AST, and ALT levels, while the levels of TP and HDL cholesterol increased.

Discussion and conclusion These results suggest that H. angustifolia root ethanol extract possess potent antidiabetic activity, which is the first report on antidiabetic activity of this plant.     

老年人多不饱和脂肪酸水平与血脂血糖的相关性分析

目的探讨老年人多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA)的水平与血脂血糖的相关性。方法选取解放军总医院2014年健康查体1 063例老年人,年龄60~94岁,采用高效气相色谱毛细管层析法检测人体内ω-3 PUFA和ω-6 PUFA的含量及构成。结果该老年人群总ω-3 PUFA含量(5.81±2.18)%,总ω-6 PUFA含量(26.68±4.44)%,ω-6/ω-3比例为(5.24±2.16);且各年龄组间、性别组间ω-3 PUFA差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。ω-3指数与三酰甘油、总胆固醇呈负相关,与高密度脂蛋白呈正相关(r=-0.064,P=0.037);EPA与三酰甘油呈负相关(r=-0.066,P=0.033),与高密度脂蛋白呈正相关(r=0.086,P=0.005);DHA与三酰甘油(r=-0.061,P=0.047)、总胆固醇(r=-0.097,P=0.002)呈负相关;ω-3PUFA、EPA、DHA与血糖均无相关性(P0.05)。结论本组老年人ω-3PUFA处于低水平,ω-6/ω-3处于较理想水平,应适当补充ω-3 PUFA。     

The effects of breaking sedentary time with different intensity exercise bouts on energy metabolism: A randomized cross-over controlled trial

Background and aimsBreaking up sedentary periods, particularly with light activity, increases total energy expenditure (EE), and helps provide better glycemic control. However, the effects of activities of various intensities to interrupt prolonged sedentary time are unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine potential differences in glycemic control and EE from breaking up sedentary time with short exercise bouts of different intensities.Methods and resultsNine overweight/obesity young men underwent whole body indirect calorimetry at 19:00 on day 1 and stayed overnight. After awakening on day 2, they performed short duration jogging every 30 min over 8 h (16-time bouts in total) under 3 different conditions with the same running distance: (1) lactate threshold (LT) for 2 min, (2) 60% LT for 200 s, and (3) onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) for 75 s. The 24-h EE and interstitial glucose concentration (from 8:00 to 19:00 on day 2) was continuously measured throughout the trials. The standard deviation during intervention and indexes of postprandial of the interstitial glucose concentration was significantly lower at LT and OBLA than at 60% LT (p < 0.05). The 24-h EE was not significantly different among conditions, but EE at OBLA during intervention was slightly but significantly higher than at 60% LT and LT.ConclusionBreaking up sedentary time with short-duration jogging at LT and with OBLA intensities may have better glycemic control and increased use of carbohydrate as a fuel, while short-duration a jogging at OBLA intensity may increase EE.Trial registrationUMIN000041361.     

The impact of dusk phenomenon on total glucose exposure in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes

This study was aimed at assessing the impact of the dusk phenomenon on the total glucose exposure in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes.A total of 380 type 2 diabetes who received a retrospective continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMs) for 72 hours were enrolled in our study, 32 of them failed in CGMs. The patients were first divided into 2 groups: dusk phenomenon (n = 95) and non dusk phenomenon group (n = 253). The magnitude of the dusk phenomenon (δDusk) was quantified by pre-dinner glucose minus post-lunch 2 hours glucose. A persistent δDusk ≥ 0 or a once only δDusk < 0 can be diagnosed with the dusk phenomenon. The participants were secondarily matched for the post-lunch 2 hours glucose to assess the impact of the dusk phenomenon on the overall glucose exposure. The impact of the dusk phenomenon was assessed on high-performance liquid chromatography assay (HbA1c) and 24-hour mean glucose.There were 95 of 348 (27.3%) participants with the dusk phenomenon in the overall population, and the median of δDusk level was –0.8 (–1.8, 0.2) mmol/L. The median of glucose differences between the 2 paired groups were 0.4 (–0.4, 1.0)% for HbA_1c, 0.9 (0.2, 1.4) mmol/L for 24 hours mean glucose. The correlation analysis showed no relationship between the magnitude of dawn phenomenon and the dusk phenomenon (r = 0.052, P = .472).The incidence of dusk phenomenon is about 27.3% in people with type 2 diabetes. The impacts of dusk phenomenon on HbA1c and 24-hour mean glucose were about 0.4% and 0.9 mmol/L and the dusk phenomenon was not related with the dawn phenomenon.     

四象体质类型与糖调节受损糖尿病转化率的临床研究＊

目的 探讨糖调节受损（IGR）四象体质类型与客观指标相关性。方法 临床收集的122名成年人分为太阳人、太阴人、少阳人和少阴人（因太阳人人数较少，忽略不计）等四种体质，测量空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2小时血糖（2hBG）、血脂四项等指标，半年后未经治疗，再次测量这些指标，计算糖尿病转化率。结果 IGR者中太阴人所占比例为55.8%，少阳人为21.7%，少阴人为22.5%。其中，朝鲜族的IGR占比明显高于满族和汉族。太阴人与少阳人、少阴人比较，FBG及2hBG、血脂四项、收缩压、舒张压、体重方面有显著性差异（P < 0.05），超重及肥胖人数太阴人中占61.2%、少阳人中占53.8%、少阴人中占29.6%。半年后复查，太阴人与少阳人、少阴人比较，FBG及2hBG、血脂四项、收缩压、舒张压方面有显著性差异（P < 0.05），糖尿病的转化率为太阴人32.8%，少阳人23.1%，少阴人3.7%。结论 IGR者中太阴人所占比例最高。IGR太阴人的FBG及2hBG、血脂四项、收缩压、舒张压、体重偏高，半年后复查，太阴人的DM转化率最高。     

Men with impaired glucose tolerance have lower self-rated health than men with impaired fasting glucose

AimPrevious studies have shown that individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have lower self-rated health than normoglycaemic individuals. The aim of this study was to examine differences in self-rated health between individuals with IGT and those with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and to consider the potentially mediating effect of physical activity.MethodsIn 2002–2005, a total of 2816 individuals were randomly selected for a population-based study in Sweden. All participants performed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Fasting venous blood samples were drawn, and questionnaires concerning lifestyles were completed. Self-rated health (SRH) and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) were reported on a five-graded and four-graded scale, respectively. A total of 213 individuals with IGT and 129 with IFG were detected.ResultsIGT, but not IFG, was associated with low self-rated health. The difference in self-rated health was seen particularly in men when adjusted for age and BMI (OR = 2.13, CI: 1.13–4.02, p = 0.020). The results became insignificant when including physical activity in the model (OR = 1.8, CI: 0.91–3.58, p = 0.094).ConclusionThe low self-rated health adds further weight to the risk profile in men with IGT and stresses the importance of early detection and lifestyle interventions.     

Effect of maternal perceived stress during pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus risk: A prospective case-control study

Background and aimsA variety of risk factors have been reported for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). But limited review on the role of antenatal perceived stress necessitated the design of the present study to evaluate the association between GDM and perceived stress during pregnancy.MethodsA prospective case-control study was carried out among 100 GDM cases and 273 matched controls, attending regular antenatal clinic at two private hospitals of Karnataka. Data was collected by personal interviews using a standard questionnaire. Perceived stress was assessed using the Cohen 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. Score of ≥20 was identified as high stress. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 15 was used for analysis.ResultsExposure rates for high maternal perceived stress among cases during pregnancy were noted. The odds of GDM were 13 folds higher among those with high antenatal stress (≥20) compared to those with low (<20) (p < 0.001) perceived stress. No correlation between maternal antenatal stress and blood glucose following OGTT was noted.ConclusionsThe study identified high perceived stress during pregnancy as a potential risk factor for GDM.